Electrochemical migration in printed wiring boards and assemblies. Mechanisms and testing Ingestion-build-183511 Auger electron and X-ray photoelectron

Auger electron and X-ray photoelectron spectra provides about surface layers or thin film structures is important for many industrial and research applications where surface or thin film composition plays a critical role in performance including nanomaterials

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the same principles can be applied to other cable types

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Electrochemical migration in printed wiring boards and assemblies. Mechanisms and testing Ingestion-build-183511 Auger electron and X-ray photoelectron1 Scope This Technical Report describes the history of the degradation of printed wiring boards caused by electrochemical migration, the measurement method, observation of the failure and remarks to testing in detail.